Nwansena ne mmoawa a ɛwɔ akyi a ɛyɛ nnam a wɔfrɛ no “extracellular matrix” anaa ECM no te sɛ jelly na ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ ade a ɛbɔ ne ho ban. Nanso sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe nnansa yi wɔ iScience nsɛmma nhoma mu, a Massachusetts Amherst Sukuupɔn ne Worcester Polytechnic Institute yɛɛ biako kyerɛ no, mmoawa nketenkete bi ECM yɛ gel bere a oxalic acid anaa acid afoforo a ɛnyɛ den wɔ hɔ nkutoo. Esiane sɛ ECM di dwuma titiriw wɔ biribiara mu fi nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ɛko tia so kosi nsu paipu a asiw ne nnuruyɛ mfiri a efĩ wom so nti, sɛnea mmoawa nketenkete di wɔn gel a ɛyɛ nnam no ho dwuma a yɛbɛte ase no wɔ nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra so.

Barry Goodell, a ɔyɛ mmoawa nketenkete ho ɔbenfo wɔ Massachusetts Amherst Sukuupɔn mu ne krataa no kyerɛwfo panyin kae sɛ: “M’ani gye ECM ahorow a mmoawa nketenkete wom ho bere nyinaa.” “Nkurɔfo taa susuw ECM ho sɛ akyi ade a ɛbɔ ho ban a ɛnyɛ adwuma a ɛbɔ mmoawa nketenkete ho ban.Nanso ebetumi nso ayɛ ɔkwan a aduannuru ne enzyme ahorow a ɛkɔ mmoawa nketenkete nkwammoaa mu na efi mu ba.”
Nneɛma a wɔde kata so no di dwuma ahorow pii: sɛnea ɛyɛ nnam no kyerɛ sɛ mmoawa nketenkete ankorankoro betumi aboaboa wɔn ho ano ayɛ akuw anaa “biofilms”, na sɛ mmoawa nketenkete a wɔdɔɔso yɛ eyi a, ebetumi asiw nsu afiri mu anaasɛ ɛde efĩ agu nnuruyɛ nnwinnade mu.
Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ akorade no nso tumi fa mu: mmoawa nketenkete pii yi enzyme ahorow ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no fi adi fa ECM no mu, kɔ nneɛma a wɔpɛ sɛ wodi anaasɛ wɔde nyarewa no mu (te sɛ nnua a aporɔw anaa akyi berɛmo ntini), na afei, sɛ enzymes no wie wɔn adwuma a, adwuma a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛyam aduan no – san fa aduannuru san fa ECM no so.
Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ECM nyɛ ahobammɔ a ɛnyɛ adwuma kɛkɛ; Nokwarem no, sɛnea Goodell ne ne mfɛfo daa no adi no, ɛte sɛ nea mmoawa nketenkete wɔ tumi a wotumi di wɔn ECM no mu nsu a ɛyɛ nwini so ma enti sɛnea ɛtumi fa mu no so. Wɔyɛ dɛn?
Wɔ fungi mu no, ɛte sɛ nea nea efi mu ba no yɛ oxalic acid, acid a ɛtaa ba afifide pii mu wɔ abɔde mu, na sɛnea Goodell ne ne mfɛfo hui no, ɛte sɛ nea mmoawa nketenkete pii de oxalic acid a wɔde fi mu no di dwuma de kyekyere carbohydrates a ɛwɔ akyi no ho. a ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ nnam. , ECM a ɛte sɛ jelly.
Nanso bere a kuw no hwɛɛ mu yiye no, wohui sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ oxalic acid boa ma wɔyɛɛ ECM nko, na mmom “ɛhwɛɛ” so nso: dodow a mmoawa no de oxalic acid pii kaa carbohydrate-acid afrafra no ho no, dodow no ara na ECM no yɛɛ nwini kɛse. Dodow a ECM no yɛ nea ɛyɛ nnam no, dodow no ara na esiw molecule akɛse kwan sɛ wɔbɛkɔ anaasɛ wɔremfi mmoawa no mu, bere a molecule nketewa no kɔ so yɛ ahofadi sɛ wobefi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu akɔ mmoawa no mu na nea ɛne no bɔ abira no.
Saa ade a wɔahu yi twa nyansahu mu ntease a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so a ɛfa sɛnea nnuru ahorow a fungi ne mmoawa gyae fi mmoawa nketenkete yi mu kɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu ankasa no ho mpoa. Goodell ne ne mfɛfo kyerɛe sɛ wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ mmoawa nketenkete de wɔn ho to nneɛma nketenkete paa a wɔde sie so kɛse na wɔatow ahyɛ matrix anaa ntini a mmoawa nketenkete no gyina so sɛ wɔbɛtra ase anaasɛ wɔanya ɔyare no so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia molecule nketenkete a wɔde sie nso bedi dwuma kɛse wɔ ɔyare no ba mu sɛ enzyme akɛse ntumi mfa mmoawa nketenkete a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa akyi no mu a.
Goodell kae sɛ: “Ɛte sɛ nea mfinimfini kwan bi wɔ hɔ a mmoawa nketenkete betumi adi acid dodow so ma wɔatumi ayɛ nsakrae wɔ tebea pɔtee bi mu, na wɔakura molecule akɛse no bi te sɛ enzymes, bere a ɛma molecule nketewa no tumi fa ECM no mu ntɛmntɛm no molecule akɛse paa. Ɛyɛ saa tumi a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔpɛ yi na ebetumi ayɛ ade titiriw a ɛbɛma wɔadi akwanside atitiriw no biako so wɔ nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa mu, efisɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae wɔ ECM no mu ma ɛyɛ nea ɛkɔ mu yiye a, ebetumi ama nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ne nnuru a ekum mmoawa no atu mpɔn.

Goodell kae sɛ: “Sɛ yebetumi adi acid nketenkete te sɛ oxalate a ɛwɔ mmoawa nketenkete bi mu a wɔyɛ ne nea wɔde sie no so a, ɛnde yebetumi adi nea ɛkɔ mmoawa nketenkete no mu nso so, na ebetumi ama yɛatumi asa mmoawa nketenkete pii nyarewa yiye.”
Wɔ December 2022 mu no, mmoawa nketenkete ho ɔbenfo Yasu Morita nyaa mmoa fii Ɔman Akwahosan Asoɛe hɔ de boaa nhwehwɛmu a awiei koraa no wɔde sii wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nsamanwaw ayaresa foforo a etu mpɔn kɛse.

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