Wɔasan ahwɛ asɛm yi mu sɛnea Science X samufo nhyehyɛe ne nhyehyɛe ahorow kyerɛ. Nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo no asi su ahorow a edidi so yi so dua bere a wɔhwɛ hu sɛ emu nsɛm no yɛ nokware no:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) yɛ ade a ɛho hia ma nkwa wɔ Asase so ne mframa a ɛma wim yɛ hyew a ɛboa ma wiase nyinaa yɛ hyew. Ɛnnɛ, nyansahufo resua carbon dioxide ho ade sɛ ade a ɛhyɛ bɔ a wɔde yɛ pɛtro a wɔyɛ no foforo, a mframa bɔne nnim ne nnuru a ne bo yɛ den.
Asɛnnennen a ɛwɔ hɔ ma nhwehwɛmufoɔ ne sɛ wɔbɛhunu akwan a ɛyɛ adwuma yie na ɛho ka sua a wɔbɛfa so adan carbon dioxide ayɛ no carbon ntamgyinafoɔ a ɛyɛ papa te sɛ carbon monoxide, methanol anaa formic acid.
Nhwehwɛmu kuw bi a K. K. Neuerlin a ɔwɔ National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ne wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma bom wɔ Argonne National Laboratory ne Oak Ridge National Laboratory di wɔn anim anya ɔhaw yi ano aduru a ɛhyɛ bɔ. Kuw no yɛɛ ɔkwan bi a wɔfa so dannan nneɛma a wɔde bɛyɛ formic acid afi carbon dioxide mu denam anyinam ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo a ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma yiye na ɛtra hɔ kyɛ so.
Wotintim nhwehwɛmu a wɔato din “Scalable membrane electrode assembly architecture for efficient electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid” no wɔ Nature Communications nsɛmma nhoma mu.
Formic acid yɛ nnuru a ebetumi ayɛ ntamgyinafo a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mmeae pii, titiriw sɛ ade a wɔde yɛ nnuru anaa abɔde a nkwa wom nnwuma mu. Wɔahu nso sɛ formic acid yɛ ade a wɔde yɛ biorefining ma ɛbɛyɛ wimhyɛn mu pɛtro a ɛho tew.
CO2 a ɛtwetwe no ma CO2 so tew kɔ nnuru a ɛwɔ ntam te sɛ formic acid anaa molecule te sɛ ethylene bere a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden tumi bi di dwuma wɔ electrolytic cell no mu no.
Membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) a ɛwɔ electrolyzer mu no taa yɛ ion-conducting membrane (cation anaa anion exchange membrane) a wɔde ahyɛ electrode abien a ɛyɛ electrocatalyst ne ion-conducting polymer ntam.
Wɔde kuw no nimdeɛ a wɔwɔ wɔ petrol cell mfiridwuma ne hydrogen electrolysis mu dii dwuma de suaa MEA nhyehyɛe ahorow pii wɔ electrolytic cells mu de totoo electrochemical a wɔtew CO2 so ma ɛyɛ formic acid ho.
Kuw no gyinaa huammɔdi nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow mu so hwehwɛɛ sɛ wɔde anohyeto ahorow a ɛwɔ nneɛma ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw mu, titiriw ion a wɔpow a enni mprempren anion nsakrae ntini ahorow mu no bedi dwuma, na wɔama nhyehyɛe no nyinaa nhyehyɛe no ayɛ mmerɛw.
Nneɛma a KS Neierlin ne Leiming Hu yɛe wɔ NREL mu ne MEA electrolyzer a wɔatu mpɔn a wɔde cation exchange membrane foforo a wɔato mu di dwuma. Saa membrane a wɔato mu yi ma formic acid a wɔyɛ no daa, a wɔpaw kɛse na ɛma adwini yɛ mmerɛw denam nneɛma a wɔmfa nni dwuma a wɔde di dwuma so.
Neierlin a ɔne no kyerɛw nhoma no kae sɛ: “Nea efii nhwehwɛmu yi mu bae no gyina hɔ ma nsakrae a aba wɔ nhwɛsode mu wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ nkwa mu te sɛ formic acid mu.” “Nneɛma a ɛwɔ ntini a wɔatoto mu no brɛ sɛnea wɔayɛ dedaw no mu den no ase na wobetumi de adi dwuma nso de ama mfiri afoforo a wɔde dannan carbon dioxide a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden yɛ no ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma yiye na ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no atu mpɔn.”
Sɛnea ɛte wɔ nyansahu mu nkɔso biara ho no, ɛho hia sɛ yɛte ɛka a wɔbɔ ne sikasɛm mu mfaso a ebetumi aba no ase. Bere a wɔreyɛ adwuma wɔ dwumadibea ahorow mu no, NREL nhwehwɛmufo Zhe Huang ne Tao Ling de mfiridwuma ne sikasɛm mu nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛkyerɛ akwan a wɔbɛfa so anya ɛka a ɛne nnɛyi mfiridwuma mu formic acid a wɔyɛ no yɛ pɛ bere a anyinam ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo ho ka yɛ sɛnt 2.3 wɔ kilowatt-dɔnhwerew biara mu anaasɛ ennu saa no mae.
Neierlin kae sɛ: “Kuw no nyaa nea efii mu bae yi denam nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse ne nneɛma a wɔde yɛ polymer membrane a wotumi tɔ so, bere a wɔyɛɛ MEA nhyehyɛe a ɛde nnɛyi pɛtro nkwammoaa ne hydrogen electrolysis adwumayɛbea ahorow a wotumi sesa no di dwuma no.”
“Nea ebefi nhwehwɛmu yi mu aba no betumi aboa ma wɔadan carbon dioxide ma ayɛ pɛtro ne nnuru a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo ne hydrogen di dwuma, na ama nsakrae a ɛkɔ kɛse ne aguadi mu no ayɛ ntɛmntɛm.”
Electrochemical nsakraeɛ mfiridwuma yɛ ade titire a ɛwɔ NREL Electrons to Molecules nhyehyɛeɛ no mu, a ɛtwe adwene si awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ a ɛdi hɔ no hydrogen a wɔtumi yɛ foforɔ, pɛtro a ɛnyɛ hwee, nnuru ne nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma a anyinam ahoɔden na ɛyɛ adwuma.
Randy Cortright, NREL ɛlɛtrɔnik a wɔde kɔ baabi foforo ne/anaasɛ nneɛma a edi kan ho nhyehyɛe a wɔde yɛ pɛtro ho ɔkwankyerɛfo kae sɛ: “Yɛn nhyehyɛe no rehwehwɛ akwan a yɛbɛfa so de anyinam ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo adi dwuma de adan molecule te sɛ carbon dioxide ne nsu ayɛ no nneɛma a ebetumi ayɛ ahoɔden fibea.” anaa nnuru.”
“Saa electrochemical nsakrae nhwehwɛmu yi ma yenya nkɔso a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ electrochemical nsakrae akwan horow mu, na yɛhwɛ kwan sɛ yebenya nea ɛhyɛ bɔ kɛse afi kuw yi mu.”
Nsɛm foforɔ: Leiming Hu ne ne mfɛfoɔ, Scalable membrane electrode nhyiamu architecture ma electrochemical nsakraeɛ a ɛyɛ adwuma yie wɔ CO2 mu kɔ formic acid mu, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6
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